In this review I will summarize the progress scientists have made in understanding the structure, hormonal regulation and molecular mediators of melanocyte dendrite formation. The cell body is the location of the nucleus, cytoplasm, and other organelles. The signal from the receptors at the end of the dendrites travels along the nerve fiber until it reaches the cell body. In sensory neurons, the dendrites are generally very long. Recent data points to the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins as master regulators of dendrite formation, particularly Rac and Rho. The dendrites branch-like projections that receive the signal. The dendrites extend like fingers from the nerve cell. The growth factors that regulate the formation of melanocyte dendrites have been thoroughly studied and it is clear that multiple signalling systems are able to stimulate, and in some cases inhibit, dendrite formation. The dendrite is the part of the nerve cell that receive messages that can be passed on to the next cell. Therefore, much of the insight into melanocyte dendrites has come from electron microscopy or in vitro culture systems of normal human and murine melanocytes as well as melanoma cell lines. Dendrites are the structures of neurons, which conduct electrical impulses toward the cell body of the nerve cell. Dendrite collects and stores all incoming information from axon terminals. In contrast with melanogenesis, for which numerous mutations in pigment producing genes and mouse models have been identified, a genetic defect resulting in impaired dendrite formation has not been found. Other biological processes of Dendrites are: Dendrites receive the data or signals from another neuron. Melanocyte dendrites have been an area of intense interest for melanocyte biologists, but it was not until recently that we began to understand the mechanisms underlying their formation. Concerning length, the length of axons varies according to the function of the neuron. Melanocyte dendrites are hormonally responsive actin and microtubule containing structures whose primary purpose is to transport melanosomes to the dendrite tip. Functionally, it carries electrical impulses and projects to synapses with dendrites or cell bodies of other neurons or with non-neuronal targets such as muscle fibers.
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